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The Doctor of Professional Studies (or sometimes awarded as Doctorate in Professional Practice) (most commonly DProf, but also available as ProfD and DPS) is a doctorate degree for working professionals. The Doctor of Professional Studies is less common than other terminal degrees, such as the PhD. The DProf has been available to graduate students in the United Kingdom since the 1980s. The first Doctor of Professional Studies program was started in 1972 at Pace University. The D.Prof is the same level of qualification as a PhD, but it has a different focus. Whilst PhDs are largely based on in-depth study in a single discipline, the D.Prof is by its very nature interdisciplinary, and recognises that real world problems are dynamic, multi-faceted and complex. ==Development== The first professional doctorate program was established in 1972 by Pace University in the State of New York in the United States. Other universities (see #List of Schools Offering Doctor of Professional Studies Degrees) around the world now offer the professional doctorate degree. Doctoral studies researchers, Gill and Hoppe, have reported rapid growth in professional doctorate degree programs outside of the United States. In the United Kingdom, professional doctorate degrees became established in the 1980s, when it was recognised that high-level programmes were needed that were designed for experienced professional practitioners rather than for academic researchers. Many professional doctorate degrees in the United Kingdom are profession-specific and contain a mix of taught modules, research and a dissertation. Several universities that offer professional doctorate degree programs in the United Kingdom allow students to study part-time. In 2005, Powell and Long found that most professional doctorate degrees awarded in the UK were in the fields of engineering, educational and clinical psychology. They found that professional doctorate degrees in business and nursing were also emerging at that time. In 2010, Brown and Cooke reported an "explosion" of professional doctorate programs in fields such as the arts, architecture and computer science. In the United States, the DPS was once considered by the United States Department of Education and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to be a research doctorate equivalent to the Ph.D. Along with the Doctor of Education, the Doctor of Social Science, the Doctor of Applied Science, and the Doctor of Library Science, the NSF no longer includes the DPS in its periodic Survey of Earned Doctorates (SEP) report, a statistical report on the number and range of research doctorates awarded in the United States. (http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates/ and http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/sed/2012/start.cfm, Appendix Table a1 ). The DPS was dropped from the report in 2005. In New York State, the Doctor of Professional Studies is an official degree title applicable to doctoral programs with a professional focus in a variety of disciplines. In a 2002 report, the Australian Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST), states "Doctoral education in Australia is currently under pressure to become more industry focused." Citing this report, Fink suggests "professional doctorates may be able to fulfill (need to make doctoral education more industry focused ) by developing and sustaining close collaboration between universities and industry. The Professional Doctorate (ProfDoc) can be seen as an alternative to the PhD because it can provide an opportunity for the business professional to gain a doctoral qualification, albeit in a different mode." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Doctor of Professional Studies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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